Korabayev Б., Amanova Г., and Saduakassova К. “Analysis of the Multiplicative Model of Efficiency in Industry Based on an Alternative Approach”. ECONOMIC Series of the Bulletin of the L N Gumilyov ENU, no. 4, Dec. 2022, pp. 243-57, doi:10.32523/2789-4320-2022-4-243-257.