ECONOMIC Series of the Bulletin of the L N Gumilyov ENU

Migration processes in the modern world: analysis of factors and consequences

S. Nurpeissov, A. Sedlov — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the migration process. The study of migration processes is a pressing issue at the present time. Migration is the movement of people from one country to another or between regions of one country due to improved social and economic conditions, job searches, conflicts and persecution. This process has a great impact on the socio-economic development of countries and territories, as well as on cultural diversity. Research on this issue will help to better understand the causes and consequences of migration, and to develop policy and management programs to effectively manage migration flows. The study of the migration process as a whole is important not only for the subjects involved in the migration process, but also for achieving the seventeen goals of the UN concept of sustainable development.

The article examines the concept of migration, systematizes and groups the causes of population migration. The features of the migration process in each period are given and the functions of migration are considered. Based on World Bank data, an analysis of the current state of migration processes in the world was carried out. The distribution of migrants and refugees by geographic area and the reasons for migration are determined.Keywords: country, economy, migration, process, problem, factor, reason.

Assessing public administration practices in Kazakhstan's electric power industry: an econometric approach

А. Nurgaliuly, Sh. Smagulova, К. Beketova — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Issues of improving public administration in the electric power industry are more relevant than ever in the current conditions of the global economic crisis. The Republic of Kazakhstan occupies an important position in the energy sector of Central Asia. Electric power industry is one of the leading links in the socio-economic system of Kazakhstan. However, the country faces a chronic problem of electricity shortages, which is detrimental to the national energy system and other sectors of the economy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state and assess the factors that most strongly affect electricity generation from 2011 to 2022 and offer recommendations for improving government regulation of the development of the electricity market in Kazakhstan. This study based on methods of logic, statistics and econometric modeling. The results of the study indicated that the growth of electricity production is positively influenced by attracting investments in the electric power industry, prices of manufacturing enterprises for electricity sold on the domestic market, as well as the size of the urban population at the end of the year. According to the forecasts for 2025-2030, subject to rising electricity prices, urban population, and investments, the volume of electricity production will increase.

The effectiveness of science financing to increase the competitiveness of the national economy

Ch. Yessenbek, А. Zhumagulova , L. Sorokina — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Annotation. Financing of science is a strategically important factor determining the competitiveness of the national economy. This article analyzes approaches to financing science with an emphasis on the possibility of its development in Kazakhstan in the context of global economic changes. The article covers various financing mechanisms, including government grants, private investments, public-private partnerships, and alternative models. The research methodology is based on a comparative study of international experience, statistical analysis, and econometric modeling of projected science funding in Kazakhstan for 2025-2030. The results obtained indicate that the current level of investment in science is insufficient, which may slow down the country's innovative development. Forecasts show that if the current dynamics are maintained, the share of science in GDP may decrease, which will negatively affect the competitiveness of the national economy. The article offers recommendations for increasing the share of science funding, attracting private investment and improving the effectiveness of grant financing. The presented conclusions and recommendations may be useful for government agencies involved in the development of a concept for the development of science, as well as for the scientific community and investors.

Digitalization of management: application of BPMN to improve business processes

К. Khassenova, Ye. Muratbekov, Y. Abenov — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In modern management, digitalization and the use of BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) have become key directions that enhance the efficiency and transparency of business processes. This study aims to identify and address issues related to the business processes of the Committee of Geodesy and Cartography of the Ministry of Digital Development, Innovations, and Aerospace Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The purpose of this article is to research and analyze the use of BPMN notation to optimize and improve the efficiency of business processes in the context of digitalization of management, with an emphasis on identifying best practices and recommendations for implementing BPMN in an organization. The main objectives of this study include analyzing current business processes, developing a target-behind (TO-BE) model, analyzing how BPMN can improve the visualization and understanding of business processes, and proposing concrete steps to implement BPMN in an organization. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in developing methodological approaches and tools aimed at improving the efficiency of business process management in government agencies. The research methodology included expert interviews, citizen surveys, and focus groups, ensuring a comprehensive approach to analyzing and optimizing processes.The main results of the study showed significant simplification of procedures, reduction in the number of operations, and decrease in process complexity. Specifically, the number of operations in Process 1 was reduced from 12 to 3, and in Process 2 — from 54 to 5. The implementation of the proposed improvements led to a 67% and 90% increase in productivity, respectively.The value of the conducted research lies in developing approaches to optimizing business processes, which can be applied in other government agencies. The practical significance of the results is manifested in improving the quality of services provided, increasing transparency, and reducing corruption risks.

Graduate Mobility vs. Regional Return: Labor Migration Patterns in Kazakhstan

L. Arynova, Z. Imyarova — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract
The article examines the reasons why some graduates aged 20–23 return to their native regions, while others remain in major cities such as Astana and Almaty to pursue career opportunities. The study analyzes the impact of internal brain drain on megacities and regional development, drawing on the concepts of push and pull factors and Rational Choice Theory.

Methodology:

A mixed-method approach is applied, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. The research includes an analysis of state policies, regulations, and strategic development programs, as well as a statistical review of current official data. The study also incorporates surveys and in-depth interviews with students and graduates in Astana and Almaty.

Originality / Value of the Research:

This study integrates new data on regional graduate return dynamics, offering a fresh perspective on the influence of economic and non-economic factors on their decision-making processes. It provides deeper insights into the relationship between educational migration and regional economic development.

Results:

Our research has shown that economic conditions play a decisive role in graduates' choice of residence. Key influencing factors include the prestige of universities, the availability of educational grants, and career growth opportunities. The study contributes to the academic discussion on internal migration and its socio-economic implications.

Autonomous management of universities in Kazakhstan: myth or reality?

Е. Ignatova, S. Zolotareva, G. Yesenova — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the article, the authors explore the reforms carried out in the Republic of Kazakhstan to expand the autonomous management of universities. The reforms aimed at the formation of academic freedom of universities have led to changes in legislative acts, expanding the powers of Kazakhstani universities in making independent management decisions. At the same time, the main question posed by the author in the article is how realistically universities have gained academic freedom through reforms and transformed the management system providing autonomy in managerial, academic and financial matters. The study is based on an analysis of the reforms carried out in Kazakhstan in order to identify the processes of deregulation of state control in the management of universities. Based on normative legal acts, empirical data on Kazakhstani higher education and analytical reports from the OECD and the World Bank, the transformations of the management system over the past decades have been analyzed.

This paper examines the issues of autonomous management of higher education institutions in Kazakhstan, analyzes the prospects and challenges associated with the transition to this model. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the current situation in Kazakhstani universities.

The authors conclude that Kazakhstan is characterized by a partially autonomous university management model. The results of the study show that the state retains centralized financial control, the appointment of the rector and chairman of the Board of Directors, the organizational and legal status of universities is approved by law.

Blockchain technology as a tool for improving the efficiency of public administration in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Sh. Orazgaliyeva, S. Tazhiyeva — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Blockchain technology has recently attracted considerable interest at the international level. Due to its basic characteristics, namely data immutability, transparency, openness and economic efficiency, government agencies have paid special attention to this innovation. This study aims to identify and analyze the opportunities and conditions necessary to most effectively implement blockchain technology in the public administration system. This paper attaches great importance to studying the experience of using blockchain technology in all areas of state activity.

The research methodology is based on the methods of analyzing and studying theoretical data, as well as considering the practical experience of foreign countries in the process of implementing pilot blockchain projects, as well as the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The process of blockchain development is influenced by some facts, in order to identify these factors, we conducted a STEP analysis and SPACE analysis.

In order to understand the attitude of citizens to the use of blockchain technology in public administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a sociological survey was conducted as part of the study. The study showed the following results: the process of implementing blockchain technology in public administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan is fraught with both certain prospects and barriers. At the moment, the scope of blockchain application is still predominantly fragmented and local in nature, and also has some technical difficulties in implementation, especially in the context of the public administration system.

Financing of science in Kazakhstan: problems and prospects

N. Bagayeva, F. Numanova — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study is to develop recommendations for improving the structure of science financing in the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the existing problems in the allocation of funds between fundamental, applied research and development. Special attention is paid to the need to gradually bring the distribution of financing to the levels of economically developed countries.

The methodological basis of the research includes an analysis of scientific literature and statistical data, which made it possible to assess the current state of science funding and the growth rate of internal research and development costs. The study also included calculations related to the sources of research funding by sector.

The main results of the study showed that government co-financing of scientific research stimulates the growth of private investment; companies receiving government funding are more active in conducting scientific research and development; government subsidies reduce the risks of failure of scientific projects for small and medium-sized businesses by sharing them with the state.

Despite the existing problems, Kazakhstan is striving to increase funding for science to overcome technological backwardness, as evidenced by the data of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the results of the analysis reviewed in the work.

Kazakhstan's stock market: problems of realizing investment potential and development prospects

А. Gazaliyeva, A. Sembekov — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The stock market of the Republic of Kazakhstan has significant potential to attract investments and promote economic development. However, its implementation faces a number of challenges that limit the effectiveness of the market, which require comprehensive measures to overcome, including improving the legal framework, increasing transparency in corporate governance, developing financial literacy among the population, and encouraging new issuers to enter the market. Only if existing barriers are eliminated will the stock market of Kazakhstan be able to realize its investment potential and make a significant contribution to the sustainable economic development of the country.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze factors that hinder the full realization of the investment potential of the stock market of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as to develop recommendations for their elimination in order to increase the effectiveness of attracting investments and promote sustainable economic development of the country.

The results of the study confirmed the importance of an integrated approach to increase the investment potential of the stock market of Kazakhstan. The implementation of the proposed measures will not only strengthen the country's financial system, but also increase its competitiveness in the international arena, stimulating economic growth. The study stands out for its focus on studying the problems of insufficient realization of the investment potential of the stock market of Kazakhstan, with an emphasis on identifying specific barriers, such as a lack of financial instruments, limited liquidity and the influence of regulatory factors. Unlike the existing works, it includes a systematic approach to the analysis of factors that make it difficult to attract capital, taking into account the peculiarities of the Kazakh economy. The work uses both traditional methods of financial analysis (asset profitability, profit and efficiency analysis) and modern statistical tools.

The conclusions emphasize the need for a systematic approach to address key issues and unlock the investment potential of Kazakhstan's stock market, which will become an important driver of economic growth in the long term.

Analysis of the development of the system of inter-budgetary relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan

I. Zhurtybayeva , Zh. Bulakbay , I. Fedorova — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In recent years, the issue of inter-budget relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan has obtained a particular relevance. The centralization of tax revenues to the republican budget leads to insufficient independence and provision of local budgets with sources of income, which is the result of decrease in the number of donor-regions from eight to four in ten years, among other things. The purpose of the article is to study and systematize the scientific approaches to improving the relationship between different levels of the budgetary system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as to summarize and develop the relevant recommendations. The following scientific methods were used in the article: analysis and synthesis, graphical and statistical methods. As a result of the study, the theoretical aspects of inter-budget relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied, in particular, the construction of the state budgetary system was studied, the levels and types of budgets were given. The key problems of inter-budget relations in the state, as well as related problems of the budgetary system were outlined. It was carried out the statistical analysis of the revenue and expenditure side of the consolidated budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past period. Methods and directions of optimization of inter-budget relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan were considered and systematized. The steps taken by the government regarding the optimization of inter-budget relations and the opinions of analysts on this matter have been studied. The results obtained were compared with the conclusions of researchers, it was also identified the aspects that were not presented in the article, but which could be the directions for further research. The practical significance of the obtained results is applicable in the activities of state authorities and budget institutions to optimize and improve the efficiency of their activities.

Impact of consumer lending on the economy of Kazakhstan

Z. Yessymkhanova, Т. Birmagambetov, B Mukushev — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The economy is hugely influenced by macroeconomic parameters that include GDP per capita, average annual wages of employees, external debt and the volume of loans taken for consumer purposes. Given that the economic conditions of different countries of the world have been considered, the main indicators that are interrelated with the prevalence of loans in the economy aimed at meeting the needs of the population have been identified. Before 2020, consumer lending was not particularly in demand, yes there was no necessary base for large-scale use, which would satisfy the population. In addition, second-tier banks spent a lot of time servicing the corporate sector, which provided greater benefits than consumer lending.

Based on the statistical data from 2007 to 2023, a linear model was formed using external debt and GDP indicators. At the same time in the study to confirm the hypothesis, the work on the impact on the economic activity of countries due to the existing debt by countries of the world was carried out to confirm the hypothesis.

After all, the growth in the volume of loans to meet the needs of the population, gives the opportunity to develop business, income of companies, which, as a result, allows to increase the economic performance of the country. Along with the global trends in the development of countries should not forget about the existing problems in the use of loans for consumer purposes. These include, first of all, security of borrowers' data in the existing databases, solvency of the population taking loans and in this connection receiving a large volume of overdue payments.

On the basis of the formed model the forecast of development for three years of loans issued for consumer purposes is made. The conclusion provides the main conclusions and proposals that will contribute to the development of consumer lending

Key aspects of the formation of the tourist brand of the Ulytau natural park

D. Seidualin, А. Mukanov, А. Omarova — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article is a study aimed at identifying key aspects of the branding of the Ulytau State National Natural Park, located in the central part of Kazakhstan. The main purpose of the work is to identify key aspects of branding that contribute not only to attracting tourists, but also to the sustainable development of the region, as well as the preservation of its natural and cultural heritage.

The authors emphasize the need to take into account the rich history and culture of the region, the development of ecotourism and the strengthening of interdisciplinary cooperation between local residents, businesses and experts in the field of tourism. The article also discusses the management of the Ulytau Nature Park using the ethno-aul management model as a strategic solution that increases the authenticity and recognition of the park.

During the interviews, consisting of 14 main questions related to the branding management of the Ulytau Natural Park, as well as the relationship of the local community with government agencies and the business environment, the main terms were defined, on the basis of which the Associative Molecule of the Ulytau State National Natural Park was formed. This model made it possible to visualize and identify a common set of park facilities, highlighting key attractions and routes. Based on the information received, it is possible to develop strategies for promoting various types of tourism, combining objects into thematic routes and offers, which creates more attractive opportunities for tourists and contributes to the sustainable development of the region.

Trends and prospects for the development of domestic tourism in the regions of Kazakhstan

Zh. Orymbassar, K. Nurasheva, L. Moldashbaeva — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose of the study. The article aims to study the problems limiting tourism development in the regions and to develop recommendations for increasing the industry's contribution to the economy of Kazakhstan. Research methodology. The essence of the study lies in the application of analytical, statistical, systemic and integrated approaches to studying the state and dynamics of the tourism market in the regions of Kazakhstan. For an in-depth study of the problems, the method of typology of domestic tourism in the regions of Kazakhstan was used. The originality/value of the study lies in the study of the dynamics of the volume of services, domestic tourism costs in the regions and a comparison of these indicators with the income of the population. Research results. Out of 20 regions, 12 regions provide the average volume of tourism services, and 6 regions earn little from tourism, although there is potential for development. The leaders in the provision of tourism services are the cities of Almaty and Astana. In some regions, citizens spend a lot of money on travel, much more than the costs of domestic tourism. The culture of the tourism business has not yet developed in the country, there is no variety of services, and few interesting events. The wages and incomes of the majority of the population of Kazakhstan are low, which is one of the reasons for the underdevelopment of tourism in the regions. The typology of regions will allow us to further develop measures for the development of domestic tourism separately for each group of regions.

Therapeutic and medical types of tourism: common and distinctive features

К. Omarova, К. Mussina, К. Tukibayeva — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract: In this study, the conceptual apparatus of health tourism is studied. The article presents the results of a study aimed at developing the author's interpretation of therapeutic tourism based on a literary review and identification of the characteristics of this type of tourism in the Kazakh context. In the course of the study, various formulations of health tourism was studied: sanatorium-resort segment, therapeutic, wellness, medical. For many years, scientists in scientific research have been giving their interpretation by comparing these categories, but they cannot come to a common opinion. The study examined the generalizing categories between health tourism and medical tourism. Based on an extensive literary review of the interpretations of health tourism and related categories, a gap in the interpretation of this term in relation to Kazakhstan has been identified.

In the study, by means of a systematic comparative analysis, content analysis, and deduction method, the presented definitions were studied and a critical analysis was given for each category. The conceptual devices of the presented categories are considered, which are close in their definitions to therapeutic and health or medical tourism. The article also discusses regulatory documents related to sanatorium and resort activities. The results of the study can be used in Russian scientific terminology to define and differentiate the activities of organizations engaged in the provision of health tourism services.

The main components of calculation and analytical support of economic security in construction business

А. Aliyev, G. Amanova, K. Saduakasova — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In modern conditions, ensuring the economic security of a business is an important aspect of its successful functioning. The purpose of the article is to highlight the author's vision of accounting and the main components of accounting and analytical support for the economic security of the construction business. Accounting and analytical support for economic security in the construction business means creating conditions that allow businesses to minimize the risks of financial losses, maintain competitiveness and efficiency of their activities. The use of accounting and analytical support is an important tool for ensuring the economic security of business in construction. The article discusses the main components of accounting and analytical support for improving the level of economic security of a business. The research methodology is based on a convenient sample and covers only the city of Astana. Businessmen in construction living in Astana were provided with a well-developed questionnaire regarding the usefulness of the main components for ensuring economic security in accounting and analysis. Only 73 construction businesses expressed their opinion through the online platform. The data is then analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kornbach Alpha, correlation, and analysis of variance. The originality of the study found that accounting and analytical support for economic security has a significant impact on several major components in business. The main components of accounting and analytical support for economic security significantly help businessmen in making decisions regarding their investments. The study showed that the process of economic security in business was closely related to the main components of economic security. Almost all the analysis values were above 50%, which indicated that the information provided through the main components of accounting and analytical support for economic security was useful to businessmen in construction when making several decisions The result of the study will encourage businessmen to use the information contained in the accounting and analytical support to make an informed management decision. An attempt has been made to identify a real scenario of the usefulness of accounting and analytical provision of economic security for business, as if the study covered only a limited territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Effectiveness evaluation of the implementation of state programs in state audit

А. Zhakhmetova, B. Alibekova — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The main purpose of the article is to study the assessment of the implementation of state programs as one of the functions of its activities of external state audit bodies and to identify further directions for their development. State programs ensure the implementation of long-term plans mainly because of its availability of the state treasury, which is a means of state economic management. Therefore, the application of these special state programs requires effective evaluation.

Firstly, one of the crucial elements of efficiency evaluating of these state institutions is the comparison of indicators of efficiency and effectiveness of state programs, i.e. comparison of actual and planned results, definition of macroeconomic and microeconomic social effects. Among them, there is a high need to assess the accomplishing of the state program for the future development of highly productive employment, and mass entrepreneurship "Employment". Currently, it is required to provide methodological documentation and improve its methodology. With the help of a constructively built rating of program documents, we can identify various factors of annoyance or alteration from the planned indicators, while carrying out systematic actions related to the need to adjust the planned indicators of the state program.

Problems and prospects of audit of the efficiency of state policy in the field of development of small and medium entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan

А. Mukusheva , M. Serikova, C. Christauskas — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses the problems and prospects for the development of state audit of the effectiveness of human resources management in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The methodological basis of the article includes description, analysis, comparison, abstraction and other research methods. The information basis of the article is based on the materials of scientific publications, data from statistical agencies, and educational literature. The article identifies the main problems associated with the development of state audit of the effectiveness of human resources management in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Attention is paid to the development of the methodology of state audit of the effectiveness of human resources management in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Additionally, attention is paid to the formation of high-quality methodological support that will take into account various approaches and tools for state audit of the effectiveness of human resources management. The materials of the article can be used for further research in the field of state audit of the effectiveness of human resources management, as well as in the preparation of lecture materials on the subject of the relevant discipline. Keywords: audit, audit report, management, violations, personnel, state audit, civil servants, government agencies

State management of water resources in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan

А. Tulaganov, A. Adamov, R. Yesbergen — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Annotation. The purpose of this scientific article is to study the problem of optimizing the use of water resources in agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of public administration in a global situation, as well as to provide practical recommendations and solutions based on scientific research. The need to improve the efficiency of water resources use is closely related to the possibility of long-term development of domestic agriculture. Solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of water resources use in public administration implies, first of all, the need for further improvement of water distribution schemes and mechanisms for regulating the use of water resources in agriculture, various sectors of the economy, including in water-intensive industries and sectors. The article discusses aspects of public management of rational use of water resources in the field of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The methods of scientific research are the results of economic and statistical, predictive calculations, scientific analysis and synthesis in order to solve the problems of optimal water supply to the national economic needs of the country, etc. – the degree of development of this topic in the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists and economists on water use in the agricultural sector of the national economy is investigated. In conclusion, the authors consider it necessary to develop effective mechanisms for state support of water use in the agricultural sector of the economy. To optimally solve these problems, which are strategically relevant, it is necessary to develop public-private partnerships in effective water use, strengthen the training of highly qualified personnel in the field of agriculture, capable of implementing new knowledge in the field of water use, modern innovative projects.

Enhancing State Audit Mechanisms for Quality Assessment and Governance of Natural Resources: Insights from the European Union Experience

J. Cordero Aparicio — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Effective management of natural resources is a crucial aspect of state regulation, particularly in the face of increasing environmental challenges. State audit mechanisms play a key role in ensuring transparency, legality, and efficiency in resource utilization. This study examines the experience of the European Union (EU) in auditing natural resource governance and evaluates its applicability to Kazakhstan. The main objective is to analyze the effectiveness of EU auditing strategies, including monitoring under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and strategic planning mechanisms. The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, including comparative analysis of international practices and evaluation of regulatory mechanisms. The findings highlight key principles that can be adapted for Kazakhstan, such as integrating environmental indicators into audits, establishing a dual-level strategic reporting system, enhancing public-private cooperation mechanisms, and introducing financial incentives for sustainable resource management. The practical significance of this study lies in the development of recommendations to improve Kazakhstan’s state audit framework, ultimately leading to enhanced environmental policy effectiveness, improved resource governance, and long-term economic sustainability.