The effectiveness of science financing to increase the competitiveness of the national economy

Abstract

Annotation. Financing of science is a strategically important factor determining the competitiveness of the national economy. This article analyzes approaches to financing science with an emphasis on the possibility of its development in Kazakhstan in the context of global economic changes. The article covers various financing mechanisms, including government grants, private investments, public-private partnerships, and alternative models. The research methodology is based on a comparative study of international experience, statistical analysis, and econometric modeling of projected science funding in Kazakhstan for 2025-2030. The results obtained indicate that the current level of investment in science is insufficient, which may slow down the country's innovative development. Forecasts show that if the current dynamics are maintained, the share of science in GDP may decrease, which will negatively affect the competitiveness of the national economy. The article offers recommendations for increasing the share of science funding, attracting private investment and improving the effectiveness of grant financing. The presented conclusions and recommendations may be useful for government agencies involved in the development of a concept for the development of science, as well as for the scientific community and investors.