Opportunities for digital transformation of the transport industry in Kazakhstan

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to analyze the current state of digital transformation in Kazakhstan’s transport sector, identify key areas of digital technology implementation, and evaluate their effectiveness in improving the national transport and logistics system. The study examines the impact of digital solutions on infrastructure, management processes, and operational activities, while also identifying barriers that limit the pace of digitalization. Methods – the research applies a systematic approach, comparative and analytical methods, abstract-logical analysis, and economic assessment techniques. Benchmarking against international experience is used, and empirical data are drawn from official statistics, expert evaluations, and national programs such as “Digital Kazakhstan” and “Nurly Zhol.” Results – the study identifies the main directions of digital transformation: intelligent transport systems (ITS), Big Data, IoT, blockchain, cloud services, digital logistics platforms, robotization, and automation of management processes. The analysis of ICT market growth shows that the expansion of digital infrastructure significantly improves transport logistics efficiency. Examples from railway, air, and road transport demonstrate practical digital applications. A model of the “Innovative Development” digital platform is proposed to enhance stakeholder collaboration in the transport and logistics complex. Conclusions – digitalization is a key driver of competitiveness, process optimization, and cost reduction in Kazakhstan’s transport sector. However, limited digital ecosystem development, insufficient human capital, and regulatory constraints hinder progress. Strengthening legislation, integrating unified digital standards, and expanding public–private partnerships are essential for successful digital transformation.