World experience in the development of FEZ and the possibility of its use in Kazakhstan

Abstract

In the last decades of the twentieth century, the emergence of zones with special economic status, the so-called "free (or special) economic zones (SEZs)", has become one of the characteristic features of ensuring macroeconomic stabilization on a global scale. Special economic zones have long been on the political agenda of the leaders of countries and regions, but over the past two decades they have attracted more and more attention. Most low- and middle-income countries have introduced a policy of special economic zones, which has led to a 20-fold increase in their numbers since the late 1980s. Today there are about 7,000 of them, this approach is one of the priority measures of modern economic development.

The purpose of this scientific article is an in-depth analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation and functioning of special economic zones and to demonstrate their role in the sustainable economic growth of individual countries in the 21st century. The main objectives of this work are to provide a correct methodological definition of special economic zones, consider their main types, and conduct a comparative analysis of the state of SEZs in developed and developing countries.