Banking Infrastructure for Building Kazakhstan’s Financial Ecosystem in the Digital Era

Abstract

Objective – to examine how the development of banking infrastructure influences the formation of the financial ecosystem amid ongoing digitalization in Kazakhstan. The study aims to identify causal relationships between infrastructural growth and key macroeconomic indicators. Methods – a combination of quantitative, correlation, and regression analyses was applied to assess the interaction between infrastructure variables (number of bank cards, POS terminals, ATMs) and macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, GDP per capita, and population size. Results – the analysis revealed a stable positive relationship between the expansion of banking infrastructure and the main indicators of economic growth. The results suggest that the modernization of financial infrastructure enhances the accessibility of digital financial services and supports the transition to a more inclusive and efficient financial system. Conclusions – banking infrastructure serves as a fundamental driver of digital transformation in the national economy. The study’s findings can be used to refine public policy in digital finance, guide investment priorities, and inform the design of sustainable business models that expand financial inclusion and competitiveness in Kazakhstan’s digital environment.