Economic analysis of the phenomenon of high birth rate in kazakhstan in 2000-2020. theory and methodology issues

Abstract

The article considers the so-called phenomenon of high birth rate in Kazakhstan in the context of urbanization from the standpoint of economic demography and microeconomics. The subject of this article is the phenomenon of high fertility, examined from the perspective of fertility economics, i.e. economic factors of reproductive behavior; as well as the characteristics of the reproductive attitudes of Kazakhstani families. The objective – to demonstrate the economic determinacy of high birth rate and, using the example of Kazakhstan, to show that the decline in birth rate in countries with a high level of industrialization of the economy and urbanization of society is manageable and reversible. The methods include a review analysis of the literature on solving the problems of demographic growth in the USSR, Europe and the USA, a retrospective and comparative analysis, a systemic analysis of the reproductive behavior of the family, as a "mini-factory", using methods of microeconomic analysis of the reproduction function in households. The results – understanding of the main reasons for the high birth rate in Kazakhstan in the 21st century from the standpoint of economic mechanisms for encouraging the birth rate, as well as the assessment of the possibilities of birth rate management in Kazakhstan based on the economic theory of fertility of the American economist Gary Becker, Nobel laureate in 1992. Conclusions: economic mechanisms for encouraging the birth rate are universal and work even in the context of the demographic transition. The theoretical apparatus and methodology proposed can be used for birth support policy.